Glossary

AI Glossary

Short, precise definitions of the AI and engineering terms used across Runa books.

A

AI agent: An AI agent is a system where an LLM decides, in a loop, which tools to use (fetch data, call APIs, run code) to reach a goal, until it finishes or asks for help.

E

Embedding: An embedding is a list of numbers that represents the meaning of a text, so that texts with similar meaning end up close together in vector space.

G

GEO (Generative Engine Optimization): GEO is the set of practices that get a brand, product or piece of content found and cited in answers from AI assistants such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude and Perplexity.

H

Hallucination (AI): A hallucination is when an AI model produces false or non-existent information that looks true, such as a made-up quote, number or reference.

L

LLM (Large Language Model): An LLM is an AI model trained on massive amounts of text to predict the next word, which lets it answer questions, summarize, translate and write code.

P

Prompt injection: Prompt injection is an attack where malicious text, from a user or a document, tries to make the LLM ignore its original instructions and do something else.

R

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation): RAG is the technique of retrieving relevant passages from a document base and handing them to the LLM along with the question, so the answer is grounded in real, current sources.

S

SLO (Service Level Objective): An SLO is a reliability target for a service, expressed as the percentage of good events over a time window — for example, 99.9% of responses under 2 seconds over 30 days.